Changes in grain weight as a consequence of de-graining treatments at pre- and post-anthesis in synthetic hexaploid wheats. From agronomic perspectives, wheat grain yield is the most important trait underpinned by two numerical components including grains per square meter and grain weight ( Calderini and Reynolds, 2000 Calderini, D.F. Genetic diversity for wheat improvement as conduit to food security. Genetic improvement in yield related attributes has become possible through the introgression of dwarfing genes and recently the use of synthetic hexaploid wheats ( Mujeeb-Kazi et al., 2013 Mujeeb-Kazi, A. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture 61: 126-135.). Computer image analysis of seed shape and seed color for flax cultivar description. Journal of General Plant Pathology 71: 418-421. Digital image analysis to measure lesion area of cucumber anthracnose by Colletotrichum orbiculare. This can result in changing the generation of large quantitative data and has previously been used in many works ( Kwack et al., 2005 Kwack, M.S. The digital imaging analysis (DIA) is the process of converting digital images into quantitative measurements based on pixel counts. Specialist neural networks for cereal grain classification. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 43: 1669-1675. Classification of cereal grains using machine vision. Various grading methods using diverse morphological attributes for sorting different cereal grains and varieties through image processing techniques have been reported in the literature ( Majumdar and Jayas, 2000 Majumdar, S. Wheat grain size and shape are important characteristics, influenced by genetic and environmental factors causing variations in these attributes. Synthetic derived bread wheats seed digital imaging path analysis marker-trait association Conclusively, we demonstrated the application of multiple approaches including high throughput phenotyping using DI complemented with genome wide association studies to identify candidate genomic regions underlying these traits, which allows a better understanding on molecular genetics of wheat grain weight.
A considerable number of marker-trait associations (MTAs) on chromosomes 1D and 2D may carry new alleles with potential to enhance grain weight due to the use of untapped wild accessions of Aegilops tauschii. A number of loci over various chromosomal regions were found associated to grain morphology by the genome wide analysis using mixed linear model (MLM) approach. The wheat genotypes studied were further grouped into two sub-clusters by the Bayesian structure analysis using unlinked SSR markers. Digital imaging divided the genotypes correctly into well-defined clusters. The thousand grain weight (TGW) was positively correlated with grain size direct measurements however, VDEV, FFD and other derived grain attributes showed no or negative correlation with TGW. Measured dimensions included seed volume, area, perimeters, length, width, length to width ratio, circularity, horizontal deviation from ellipse (HDEV), vertical deviation from ellipse (VDEV), factor form density (FFD) etc. Accordingly, seed shape phenotypic data of a core collection of 55 wheat genotypes, previously characterized for osmotic and drought tolerance, were produced using computer based Smart grain software. Digital imaging may help identifying genomic regions controlling grain morphology using association mapping with simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. Phenomic characterization through digital imaging (DI) can capture the three dimensional variation in wheat grain size and shape using different image orientations. Box 19130 – Swat – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Pakistan. University of Swat/Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, P.O. Kazi Campus – 76080 – Jamshoro – Pakistan. University of Sindh/Institute of Plant Sciences, Allama I.I. of Botany, University Road – 40100 – Sargodha – Pakistan.
University of Sargodha/Faculty of Science – Dept. of Biochemistry, Muree Road Rawalpindi – Rawalpindi, Punjab – Pakistan. Saqlan NaqviĪrid Agriculture University Rawalpindi/Faculty of Science – Dept. University of Swat/Center for Agriculture Sciences and Forestry, P.O.
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